By jean oconnor, jd, drph, deputy state public health director, oregon about a week and a half ago, the oregon public health division learned about a child with hemolyticuremic syndrome hus, this sounds complicated but its essentially kidney failure brought on by an infection of the digestive system. Meningococcal disease is one of the leading causes of meningitis, which is. Essential viewing for anyone with children especially those in the high risk groups of 05 and 1525 years. Neisseria meningitidis is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis and sepsis in the united states. Information and resources for public health and healthcare professionals on meningococcal disease. Meningitis is a contagious respiratory disease caused by bacteria and is spread through air droplets and direct contact with infected persons. It is treatable and preventable, so every death raises the question. The sides are flattened and this organism is recognizable in gram stain by an experienced microscopist. It is a term used to describe two major illnesses, meningitis and septicaemia blood poisoning. Septicemia, a serious blood infection that can damage organs in the body how common are meningococcal diseases. It can also cause focal disease, such as pneumonia and arthritis. In contrast, invasive meningococcal disease is most common in young children with a smaller secondary peak in teenagers.
Meningococcal disease resources notifiable conditions. Neisseria meningitidis is an anaerobic gramnegative diplococcus that is responsible for invasive meningococcal disease imd, which represents a public health problem and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide 1, 2. Before routine use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, the burden of pneumococcal disease among children younger than 5 years of age was significant. All resources have been developed in consultation with health professionals. Meningococcal disease, which may present clinically as septicaemia, as meningitis, or with a mixed picture, is caused by infection with neisseria meningitidis or meningococcus. Preventable meningitis meningococcal disease washington. These include persons with persistent complement component deficiencies including persons. Meningococcal disease is an infection caused by bacteria called meningococcus also known as neisseria meningitidis. Infectious agent of meningococcal disease neisseria meningitidis or meningococcus is a gramnegative diplococcus. Currently, the world health organization who estimates that 1 to 10% of the general population carries n. Meningococcal disease in a young adult department of health. Jan 01, 2000 moreover, the highest rate of both meningitic and nonmeningitic meningococcal disease is among infants aged meningococcal disease and remains unexplained. Last update september 2012 frequently asked questions on invasive meningococcal disease imd what is invasive meningococcal disease.
Archived guidelines for the prevention and control of. Aug 20, 2015 meningococcal disease usually occurs within 114 days of acquisition. Serogroup b is currently responsible for most imd cases. The natural history of meningococcal carriage and disease. Epidemiology and prevention of vaccinepreventable diseases. Men b is the most common strain in the uk but other strains include men a, men c, men w and men y.
Meningococcal meningitis is caused by gramnegative diplococci, neisseria meningitidis. Mmwr morbidity and mortality weekly report from march 22, 20. The centers for disease control and prevention cdc and other leading medical organizations. Meningococcal meningitis is characterized by acute onset of intense headache, fever, nausea, vomiting, photophobia, and stiff neck. Meningococcal disease is an acute, potentially severe illness caused by the bacterium neisseria meningitidis. Recurring epidemics of meningococcal meningitis in african. Pinkbook data and statistics epidemiology of vaccine. This distinction may be important when estimating the impact of routine vaccination schedules, which currently start at 2.
About 50 percent of cases occur in infants and children younger than 4 years of age. Invasive meningococcal disease is a severe bacterial infection that can cause meningitis infection of. If you use assistive technology such as a screen reader and need a. Changes to hpv vaccine dosing, meningococcal and pcvppsv23 vaccine recommendations. Oct 20, 2005 the incidence of meningococcal disease in the first 3 months of life is much lower than the incidence of disease in those aged 311 months 73100 000 compared to 206100 000, probably because of maternal immunity.
Surveillance response activities during the meningitis epidemic season. It can be spread through coughing, sneezing, kissing or sharing items like drinking glasses, lip balm, eating utensils or cigarettes. Meningitis, an infection of the fluid and lining that cover the brain and spinal cord, and. The first definitive description of the disease was by vieusseux in switzerland in 1805. Most cases of meningococcal disease occur sporadically, with meningococcal disease. Males are affected slightly more than females, and account for 55% of all cases, with an incidence of 1. The worldwide epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease imd varies markedly by region and over time. Meningococcemia nord national organization for rare disorders. This publication was produced by the scientific publication and multimedia services section of the communications directorate. Protect your child public health officials recommend that teenagers and collegebound students be immunized against a potentially fatal bacterial infection called meningococcal disease, a type of meningitis. In 20, there were approximately 550 total cases of meningococcal disease reported rate of 0. An estimated 17,000 cases of invasive disease occurred each year, of which,000 were bacteremia without a known site of infection and about 700 were meningitis. Meningococcal disease in a child department of health.
The occurrence of meningococcal disease is highest during the winter and spring with the number of cases generally peaking each year in january and february. Advice for health protection professionals on the management of meningococcal disease in the uk. In summary, the epidemiological profile of meningococcal disease in the united states is highly dynamic and constantly changing. Meningococcal disease is primarily a disease of young children. Meningococcal disease is a severe but uncommon infection that occurs when meningococcal bacteria invade the body from the throat or nose. Global epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease. Meningococcal disease generally occurs 110 days after exposure and presents as meningitis in. The prevalence of neisseria meningitidis carriage is highest in teenagers and lowest in young children. The introduction of mcv4 into the routine immunization schedule for adolescents is a promising first step, but additional work is needed. Epidemiological profile of meningococcal disease in the. Quick medical attention is extremely important if meningococcal disease is suspected. A surveillance case definition is a set of uniform criteria used to define a disease for public health surveillance. The best way to protect yourself against meningococcal disease is to get vaccinated before you are exposed. A historical overview on eliminating meningitis in africa in the 1990s epidemics of meningitis sweeping across the vast span of the african continent known as the meningitis belt were claiming hundreds of thousands of lives and there was not much the global public health community was able to do.
Mdhhs meningococcal disease information and investigation. Illness believed to be meningococcal disease was first reported in the 16th century. Meningitis and meningococcemia are major causes of illness, death, and. Early suspicion of the diagnosis is vital so that parenteral antibiotic treatment can be administered as soon as possible to reduce the complications of infection. Meningococcal disease antibiotics for close contacts health conditions directory. Invasive meningococcal disease annual epidemiological. A vaccine to protect against the serogroup c type of meningococcal disease, which in the past was responsible for around 15 per cent of cases in wa, is provided free to children at 12 months of age. Meningococcemia is a rare infectious disease characterized by upper respiratory tract infection, fever, skin rash and lesions, eye and ear problems, and possibly a sudden state of extreme physical depression shock which may be lifethreatening without appropriate medical care. Preparedness and response to cerebrospinal meningitis.
Meningococcal disease describes infections caused by the bacterium neisseria meningitidis also termed meningococcus. While best known as a cause of meningitis, it can also result in sepsis, which is an even more damaging and dangerous condition. Meningococcal disease can refer to any illness that is caused by a type of bacteria called neisseria meningitidis. Meningococcal disease an overview sciencedirect topics. Last winters experience of clusters in schools was the latest round in a struggle to apply rational and effective policies to control disease and panic. For 2017 updates to human papillomavirus, meningococcal disease.
Meningococcal disease is a rare, but potentially devastating infection in travellers caused by the bacterium neisseria meningitidis the most common forms of meningococcal disease are meningitis infection of the protective lining around the brain and spine and septicaemia blood poisoning. Meningococcal disease is a lifethreatening infection that may progress rapidly, even after appropriate treatment has commenced. Two types of vaccines can protect against several kinds of meningococcal disease. The department of health has reported that a young child is currently recovering in hospital after being diagnosed with meningococcal disease. Meningococcal disease can be treated with antibiotics but early treatment is very important. Sep 28, 2006 meningococcal disease produces a considerable global burden of disease.
Meningococcal disease invasive clinician fact sheet. Meningococcal disease neisseria meningitidis 1990 case definition recommend on facebook tweet share compartir note. Meningococcal disease invasive clinician fact sheet disease and epidemiology causative agent. During epidemics the incidence of meningococcal disease approaches 100 per 100,000. Frequently asked questions on invasive meningococcal. Meningococcal disease what is meningococcal disease. Ecdc has coordinated the surveillance of invasive meningococcal disease imd at the european level since the transfer of euibis european union invasive bacterial infections surveillance network to ecdc in 2007. Meningococcal disease is an uncommon, lifethreatening illness caused by a bacterial infection of the blood andor the membranes that line the spinal cord and. A clear and informative 30 minute video which tells you everything you need to know to recognise the early symptoms of meningococcal disease, and what to do. What is the history of meningococcal disease in america. Online and interactive meningitis resources for all health professionals who work with patients affected by meningitis and septicaemia.
Meningococcal disease is caused by bacteria called neisseria meningitidis. The incidence of endemic meningococcal disease during the last years ranges from 1 to 5 per 100,000 in developed countries, and from 10 to 25 per 100,000 in developing countries. Neisseria meningitidis is one of the leading causes of bacterial meningitis globally and can also cause sepsis, pneumonia, and other localized infections. How does cdc determine the best course of action in these types of situations. Guidance for health professionals on diagnoses, prevention and treatment of meningococcal disease. Includes disease information, the purpose of reporting and surveillance, legal reporting requirements, and resources such as case definition, reporting form, surveillance and reporting guideline, and more. Meningococcal disease 14 meningococcal disease is an acute, potentially severe illness caused by the bacterium. The dramatic occurrence of meningococcal disease challenges doctors and attracts intense public interest. Pages in category meningococcal disease survivors the following 10 pages are in this category, out of 10 total. There are 12 serogroups, but the majority of invasive meningococcal infections are caused by organisms from the a, b, c, x, y, or w5 serogroups.
Symptoms in a baby or child who has meningococcal disease. Meningococcal disease in a young adult the department of health today reported that a young adult is recovering in hospital after being diagnosed with serogroup w meningococcal disease. It has a high mortality rate if untreated but is vaccinepreventable. Additional data on this disease are accessible from ecdcs online surveillance atlas of infectious diseases 3. Meningococcal meningitis nord national organization for. Pinkbook epidemiology of vaccine preventable diseases cdc. The challenge therefore is to identify those patients who will progress rapidly from nonspecific early presentation to. Meningococcal disease information for health care professionals. Meningococcal disease and its management in children the bmj. Meningococcal disease is caused by neisseria meningitidis, a bacterium with human carriers as the only reservoir. Adults at increased risk of meningococcal disease include those who have recently been brought together as a group and housed under crowded living conditions, such as in barracks or institutions. Data on carriage and disease were analysed to quantify the risks of infection and disease by age and serogroup.
Welcome to cdc stacks centers for disease control and. Pinkbook home epidemiology of vaccine preventable diseases. Resources include treatment protocols and symptoms information, as well as general patient awareness materials. Meningococcal meningitis primarily affects infants, children, and young adults. When the linings of the brain and spinal cord become infected, it is called meningitis. Abstract group c meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine was administered to,763 army recruit volunteers at five basic training centers. Despite the successful introduction of immunisation with meningococcal group c conjugate vaccine in 1999,1 invasive meningococcal disease continues to cause substantial morbidity and mortality. Although meningococcal disease is rare, it is a very serious disease. Immunology and vaccinepreventable diseases pink book. Guidelines for the prevention and control of meningococcal disease. Elderly patients are prone to have an altered mental state and a prolonged course with fever. Meningococcal diseases are caused by a germ a kind of bacteria called meningococcus. Meningococcal meningitis is characterized by sudden onset of headache, fever, and stiffness of the neck, sometimes accompanied by nausea, vomiting, photophobia, or altered mental status.
Public health risks related to communicable diseases during the hajj 2019. Management of invasive meningococcal disease in children. A vaccine against serogroup b meningococcal infection, historically the most common type in wa, has recently become available on prescription. Get help immediately if you see one or more of the symptoms below. Globally, the incidence of imd is 500,000 cases every year, although the incidence varies from disease. These men represented 20 per cent of 68,072 recruits under o. Epidemiology and prevention of vaccinepreventable diseases skip directly to site content skip directly to page options skip directly to az link centers for disease control and prevention.
Pinkbook meningococcal epidemiology of vaccine preventable. Meningococcal disease is a lifethreatening infection. Bexsero or trumenba should be administered to certain persons 10 years of age or older who are at increased risk of meningococcal disease. Invasive meningococcal disease is a serious illness caused by the gramnegative bacterium neisseria meningitidis n. Know about the early symptoms of meningococcal disease and take action if you are concerned. The disease strikes quickly and can have serious complications, including death. Meningococcal disease is a contagious infection spread by close contact, such as living with or kissing an infected person. Meningococcal disease is an uncommon, lifethreatening illness caused by a bacterial infection of the blood andor membranes that line the spinal cord and brain, and occasionally of other sites, such as.
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